Contents
My First PC Built EverBudget comboMotherboardBoard size (Form)CPUIntelAMDFan CaseRamStoragePhân loại theo socketTốc độ theo giao thứcPCIe speed per laneSATA OperationsAHCIRAIDIntel OptaneIntel RSTSlotsSataMiniPCIe, MSatamPCIeMSataM2B, M KeysA, E KeysPower Supply
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PC Things

8 July 2025


My First PC Built Ever

Video

Budget combo

  • Colorful A520M-K + Ryzen 5 5500: 2tr9

  • Asus H610M-K i3 12100F: 2tr7

Motherboard

Board size (Form)

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  • ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended): To nhất (30.5 x 24.4 cm)

  • Micro-ATX (mATX): 24.4 x 24.4 cm, ít khi PCIe hơn ATC

  • Mini-ITX (mITX): 17 x 17 cm nhỏ nhất, for compact or small form factor (SFF)

CPU

Intel

Core i[3-5-7-9] [Generation] [Suffix]

Suffix

  • (No suffix): Standard desktop processor.

  • K: CPU can be easily overclocked (e.g., i7-14700K).

  • F: No integrated graphics (requires a dedicated graphics card) (e.g., i3-12100F).

  • KF: Unlocked and no integrated graphics.

  • T: Lower TDP (e.g., i7-14700T).

  • U: Laptop, battery save (i3-10110U).

  • Y: Laptop, very low power (i5-10310Y).

  • G[1-7]: Like U, enhanced integrated graphics (Iris Xe).

  • H: Laptops, high performance (e.g., i7-13700H).

Sockets

  • LGA 1700 (Current Mainstream): 12th Gen (Alder Lake), 13th Gen (Raptor Lake), 14th Gen (Raptor Lake Refresh)

  • LGA 1200: 10th Gen (Comet Lake) and 11th Gen (Rocket Lake)

  • LGA 1151 v2 (or "LGA 1151-2"): 8th Gen (Coffee Lake) and 9th Gen (Coffee Lake)

  • LGA 1151 : 6th Gen (Skylake) and 7th Gen (Kaby Lake).

  • LGA 1150: 4th Gen (Haswell) and 5th Gen (Broadwell)

AMD

Ryzen [3-5-7] [Generation] [Suffix]

Generation

  • Generation: 3000, 4000, 5000... (Zen, Zen+, Zen 2, Zen 3, Zen 3+, Zen 4...)

Suffix

  • (No suffix): Standard desktop processor (no integrated graphics)

  • G: With integrated graphics

  • X: Higher-performance

  • F(rare): No integrated graphics

Socket

  • AM4: 5000 below

  • AM5: 7000 above

Fan Case

Fan sync

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PC with sync led
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6pin fan

  • Mortherboard phải có Main Sync

  • Cho phép điều khiên màu của các thình phần tương thích với nhau như quạt, ram, vga thông qua main, tạo ra màu đồng bộ

  • Main phải có socket RGB (4pin - 12v RGB hoặc 3pin 5V Addressable RGB - ARGB)

  • Trong trường hợp cắp nhiều quạt mà main không đủ socket thì cần phải mua thêm hub

Fan Không Sync (cắm trực tiếp)

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4pin fan
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How to install

Ram

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  • Các chuẩn ram khác nhau (DDR3, DDR4, ...) không dùng chung được cho nhau

  • Ram laptop khác với máy tính bàn

  • Nên mua những hãng Ram có tiếng, thương hiệu lâu đời sẽ ok hơn

Storage

Phân loại theo socket

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2.5-inch SATA SSD
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mSata SDD
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M2 SSDs
  • M2 SSD phân loại theo giao thức kết nối thì chia làm 2 loại là M2 Sata (SATA) và M2 NVME (PCIe), Xem thêm ở mục M2 Slot

Tốc độ theo giao thức

ReadWriteSocket
SATA IIIUp to 550 MB/sUp to 500 MB/s2.5-inch, M2 Sata (B+M key), mSATA
PCIe 3.0 x42,500 - 3,500 MB/s1,500 - 3,000 MB/sM2 (M key)
PCIe 4.0 x45,000 - 7,000+ MB/s4,000 - 7,000+ MB/sM2 (M key)
PCIe 5.0 x410,000 - 14,000+ MB/s10,000 - 14,000+ MB/sM2 (M key)

PCIe speed per lane

  • PCIe 1.0 (2003): 250 MB/s.
  • PCIe 2.0 (2007): 500 MB/s.
  • PCIe 3.0 (2010): ~985 MB/s (approximately 1 GB/s).
  • PCIe 4.0 (2017): ~1.97 GB/s.
  • PCIe 5.0 (2019): ~3.94 GB/s.

SATA Operations

AHCI

  • Advance Host Controller Interface: The most use of modern pc

RAID

  • Redundant Array of Independent Disks: Combine multiple drives into a single unit for improved performance, redundancy, or both.
FeatureRAID 0 (Striping)RAID 1 (Mirroring)RAID 5 (Striping with Parity)
Minimum Drives223
Data RedundancyNoneFull Redundancy (mirrored copy)Single-drive redundancy (distributed parity)
Data ProtectionIf any one drive fails, all data is lost.Can withstand the failure of one drive.Can withstand the failure of one drive.
PerformanceImprove read and write speeds scales with the number of drives.Improve read speed, write speed acts as a single drive or slightly slower.Improve read speed. Write speed is slower due to parity calculations.
Usable Capacity100% of total drive capacity (sum of all drives).50% of total drive capacity.(n-1) drives, where 'n' is the total number of drives.
Best Use CaseSituations where speed is the only priority and data loss is not a concern, such as video editing scratch disks or gaming.Mission-critical data where high availability and reliability are paramount, like for operating systems or accounting systems.General-purpose servers and applications that need a balance of performance, capacity, and data protection.

Intel Optane

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  • Intel Optance acts as a high-speed cache between a computer's processor and slower storage devices like hard drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs

  • Use for accelerating a single drive

  • Require 7th gen or newer

  • All modern SATA and NVMe SSDs use 3D NAND flash memory technology, Intel Optane use special technology called 3D Xpoint, achieve higher speed

Intel RST

  • Is the software that provides the drivers and management tools for both Optane memory and RAID configurations.

Slots

Sata

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Sata slot on MB
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Sata cable and Storage connector

MiniPCIe, MSata

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mPCIe Wifi Card
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mSata SDD
  • Dùng chung socket nhưng không thay thế cho nhau

mPCIe

  • Use PCIe interface (x1), used for expansion cards like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth

MSata

  • Use SATA interface, used for storage

M2

M.2 ("M-dot-2") tên gọi trước đó là Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF)

B, M Keys

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  • M Key (PCIe x4): NVMe SSDs

  • B Key (PCIe x2): Used for SATA, SSDs WWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network)

  • B + M Key (PCIe x2 - Module only): Thiết kế để cắm module vào B key hoặc M key điều được

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  • Trên thị truờng cũng có Ssd NVME dùng B+M key nhưng ít, tốc độ sẽ chậm hơn do B key chỉ có 2 lanes PCIe nhưng bù lại là tăng khả năng tăng thích nhiều slot m2 hơn

A, E Keys

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  • A Key (PCIe x2): Used for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WWAN, GPS, and NFC cards.

  • E Key (PCIe x2): Often used for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth

  • A + E Key (Module only): Thiết kế để cắm module vào socket A key hoặc E key điều được, thường là các card Wi-Fi tích hợp Bluetooth.

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M2 M key to M2 A key

  • Nếu là card chuyen sang M2 A key thì gắn được card wifi A, A+E

  • Nếu là card chuyen sang M2 E key thì gắn gắn được card wifi E, A+E

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Power Supply

  • Trái tim của máy tính, càng xịn càng tốt

  • Tiêu chuẩn 80 Plus, cấp càng cao hiệu quả chuyển đồi điện AC sang DC càng cao, càng tiếp kiệm điện

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M2 M key to M2 A key
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M2 M key to M2 A key
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Pico PSU

Make withby Nguyen Huu Dat

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